Atopic Dermatitis Is More Commonly Called Eczema
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a type of eczema, is a skin condition that causes red, itchy patches. It is a chronic condition with periods of heightened symptom activity, known as flare-ups. AD commonly affects children, but adults can also have the condition. Most adults with AD were diagnosed as children. For many children with atopic dermatitis, permanent remission occurs with age, but skin dryness and increased sensitivity may still be present. AD occurs as an immune system response. The immune system, for unknown reasons, goes into overdrive and causes the skin symptoms that occur. Research has shown that many patients with AD have a family member with asthma, allergies, or AD that gives a predisposition.
Appearance of Atopic Dermatitis
The most common sign of atopic dermatitis is the appearance of a red rash. Infants with AD may have rashes that appear on the cheeks and scalp. Older children often experience rashes in the folds of the knees, elbows, neck, and buttocks. Adults can have rashes around the eyes, in addition to the common areas of the neck, arms, and legs.
AD patches can be red, but they may also appear other ways. Patches of thickened skin may be found in areas where rashes have frequently occurred. Some AD patches can appear bright red and scaly or extremely dry. Repeated scratching can lead to oozing or bleeding patches.
Causes & Flare Triggers
The cause of atopic dermatitis itself is an overactive immune system. With the immune system working too hard, the skin’s cells become inflamed. People with AD also have an altered skin barrier that leads to excessive dryness and faulty protection from environmental exposures.
There are numerous factors that can lead to symptom flares. Excessive showering or bathing is a trigger, as well as showering for too long or in water that is too hot. Repeated scratching can also trigger a flare. Skin irritants that can cause flare-ups include excessive sweating, hot weather temperatures, soaps and perfumes, dirt or smoke, and allergens. Too much stress may also be a trigger.
Minimizing the Impact
Although there are many factors that can cause symptom flares, there are ways to reduce symptoms and treat atopic dermatitis. Medical treatments include topical creams and ointments that help reduce itchiness and work to repair damaged skin. Topical treatments may also be used to combat the inflammation by influencing immune responses. Antibiotic ointments may be recommended if an infection occurs or to prevent infection with open sores. Oral medications are available for short-term symptom relief.
Self-care efforts are equally important. Skin should be moisturized, at least twice a day, using a cream or ointment that does not have chemicals, dyes, or fragrance. Avoid scratching itchy spots and wear loose clothing in softer fabrics. Limit exposure to extreme hot or cold temperatures. Try adding moisture in the indoor air with a humidifier if the air seems too dry.
Atopic dermatitis may be an incurable and chronic condition, but it can be managed. Through treatment and self-care, symptoms can be reduced. The right combination may actually trigger remissions that last a long time.
